Benefits
Of Exercise
Heart
Failure:
Traditionally,
heart failure patients have been discouraged from exercising.
Now, exercise is proving to be helpful for many of these
patients and, when performed under medical supervision,
does not pose a risk for a heart attack. In one study,
patients between the ages of 61 and 91 increased their
oxygen consumption by 20% after six months by engaging
in supervised treadmill and stationary bicycle exercises.
Performing daily hand grip exercises may improve blood
flow through the arteries of patients with heart failure.
Diabetes:
Is
reaching epidemic proportions throughout the world as
more and more cultures adopt Western dietary habits.
Aerobic exercise is proving to have significant and
particular benefits for people with both type 1 and
type 2 diabetes; it increases sensitivity to insulin,
lowers blood pressure, improves cholesterol levels,
and decreases body fat.
Regular exercise, even of moderate intensity, improves
insulin sensitivity. In fact, studies of older people
who engage in regular, moderate, aerobic exercise (e.g.,
brisk walking, biking) lower their risk for diabetes
even if they don't lose weight. Anyone on insulin or
who has complications from diabetes must take special
precautions before embarking on a workout program.
Osteoporosis:
Exercise
is very important for slowing the progression of osteoporosis.
Women should begin exercising before adolescence, since
bone mass increases during puberty and reaches its peak
between ages 20 and 30. Weight bearing exercise, which
applies tension to muscle and bone, encourages the body
to compensate for the added stress by increasing bone
density by as much as 2% to 8% a year.
High-impact weight-bearing exercises, such as step aerobics,
are very protective for premenopausal women. These exercises,
however, increase the risk for osteoporotic fractures
in elderly patients, who would benefit most from regular,
brisk, long walks. Even moderate exercise (as little
as an hour a week) helps reduce the risk for fracture,
but everyone who is in good health should aim for more.
Careful
weight training is beneficial as well for older women.
Low-impact exercises that improve balance and strength,
particularly yoga and T'ai Chi, have been found to decrease
the risk of falling; in one study, T'ai Chi reduced
the risk by almost half.
Lung
Disease:
Although
exercise does not improve lung function (except for
intense, regular aerobic exercise), training helps some
patients with chronic lung disease by strengthening
their limb muscles, thus improving endurance and reducing
breathlessness.
Cancer:
A
number of studies have indicated that regular, even
moderate, exercise reduces the risk of colon cancer.
Strenuous activity, in fact, adds only slight or no
additional benefit. Moderate exercise may also help
reduce the risk for prostate cancer and possibly for
breast cancer. A recent study of 100,000 nurses, however,
suggested that the benefits of exercise on breast health
may be greater or lesser at different times in a woman's
life, depending on her menstrual status and estrogen
levels. For example, the study found no added protection
against from exercise in young adulthood (when the disease
is uncommon in any case).
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