Benefits
Of Exercise
Central
Nervous System Diseases:
People
with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's
disease should be encouraged to exercise. Specialized
exercise programs that improve mobility are particularly
valuable for Parkinson's patients. Patients with neurological
disorders who exercise experience less spasticity as
well as reduction in -- and even reversal of -- muscle
atrophy. In addition, the psychological benefits of
exercise are extremely important in managing these disorders.
Exercise machines, aquatic exercises, and walking are
particularly useful.
Gastrointestinal
Problems:
Older
people who exercise moderately may have a lower risk
for severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Experts suggest
that moderate exercise might even reduce the risk for
some intestinal disorders, including ulcers, irritable
bowel syndrome, indigestion, and diverticulosis.
Leg
Cramps:
Exercise
can even improve pain from clogged arteries in the legs,
a condition called intermittent claudication. The best
approach in such cases is to walk until pain develops;
then rest until pain resolves before resuming walking.
In six-month studies, people had tripled the amount
of time they could walk before the onset of pain.
Weight
Loss:
Exercise
burns calories and can help individuals fight obesity.
If caloric intake remains constant, regular workouts
lead to weight loss. Be forewarned, however, that the
pounds won't melt off magically. It takes 35 miles of
walking or jogging to consume the calories in one pound
of fat. Effective weight loss means a long-term commitment
to a regular program of vigorous exercise.
One recent study indicated that for obese patients,
a few daily sessions for as short as 10 minutes each
was effective in helping the patients adhere to an exercise
program. Abdominal crunches may help replace abdominal
fat with muscle. To perform this exercise, the individual
lies on the back with the head and shoulders raised;
he or she contracts the stomach muscles, curling the
torso slightly forward. Abdominal fat is a particular
danger to the heart, although it is unknown whether
doing crunches will specifically protect against heart
disease.
Psychological
and Emotional Benefits:
Aerobic
exercise is linked with improved mental vigor, including
reaction time, acuity, and math skills. Exercising may
even enhance creativity and imagination. According to
one study, older people who are physically fit respond
to mental challenges just as quickly as unfit young
adults. (Stretching and weight training appear to have
no such effects.)
Both
aerobic and nonaerobic workouts have been shown to reduce
depression. According to one study, exercise was as
effective for improving mood in people with clinical
depression as some common forms of psychotherapy. Either
brief periods of intense training or prolonged aerobic
workouts can raise levels of important chemicals in
the brain, such as endorphins, adrenaline, serotonin,
and dopamine, that produce feelings of pleasure, causing
the so-called runner's high.